Cortical bone mechanical assessment via free water relaxometry at 3 T‏

To improve the accuracy of the previously proposed technique of free water T1 quantification and to seek the relationship between cortical bone free water T1 and its mechanical competence...

Abstract

Background

Investigation of cortical bone using magnetic resonance imaging is a developing field, which uses short/ultrashort echo time (TE) pulse sequences to quantify bone water content and to obtain indirect information about bone microstructure.

Purpose

To improve the accuracy of the previously proposed technique of free water T1 quantification and to seek the relationship between cortical bone free water T1 and its mechanical competence.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

Twenty samples of bovine tibia bone.

Field Strength/Sequences

3.0 T; ultra-fast two-dimensional gradient echo, Radio frequency-spoiled three-dimensional gradient echo.

Assessment

Cortical bone free water T1 was quantified via three different methods: inversion recovery (IR), variable flip angle (VFA), and variable repetition time (VTR). Signal-to-noise ratio was measured by dividing the signal of each segmented sample to background noise. Segmentation was done manually. The effect of noise on T1 quantification was evaluated. Then, the samples were subjected to mechanical compression test to measure the toughness, yield stress, ultimate stress, and Young modulus.

Statistical Tests

All the statistical analysis (Shapiro–Wilk, way analysis of variance, paired t test, Pearson correlation, and Bland–Altman plot) were done using SPSS.

Results

Significant difference was found between T1 quantification groups (P < 0.05). Average T1 of each quantification method differed significantly after adding noise (P < 0.05). VFA-T1 values significantly correlated with toughness (r = −0.68, P < 0.05), ultimate stress (r = −0.71, P < 0.05), and yield stress (r = −0.62, P < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between VTR-T1 values and toughness (P = 0.07), ultimate stress (P = 0.47), yield stress (P = 0.30), and Young modulus (P = 0.39).

Data Conclusion

Pore water T1 value is associated with bone mechanical competence, and VFA method employing short-TE pulse sequence seems a superior technique to VTR method for this quantification.

MR images of one of the samples and generated T1 map of each quantification method: (a, d) inversion recovery (TI = 800 msec) and related T1 map, (b, e) variable flip angle (FA = 12) and related T1 map, (c, f) variable repetition acquisition (TR = 50 msec) and related T1 map. Scale bar is represented in msec.
Picture of Ardakani AA

Ardakani AA

He received his Ph.D. in Medical Physics in 2018 from the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), specializing in medical imaging and using artificial intelligence in radiological diagnosis. His research interests focus on the physics of medical imaging systems, quantitative analysis of medical images, and applying artificial intelligence in diagnostic radiology procedures. He is an assistant professor of Medical Physics at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

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